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货币主义的贫困

来源于 《比较》 2020年第1期 出版日期 2020年02月01日
文|帕特里克·博尔顿

  六、结论

  总之,本文的标题“货币主义的贫困”反映在“直升机撒钱”这一表述中。如果不能解释货币如何进入经济体系,实际上就没有搞明白货币在经济中的作用。我们必须摒弃“直升机撒钱”这种货币主义的观点,因为这不是一个有助益的观点。我们必须搞清楚货币是如何进入经济的,否则就不能理解法定货币的影响。正如我在中国的例子中说明的,中国的货币供给大幅增加,这些增加的货币供给变成了投资,使得在货币存量增加的同时,产出也大大增加,所以中国没有发生危机。

  研究货币对经济影响的另一个角度是了解货币如何进入一个开放的经济,我在谈到货币政策时,提到了这一点。这是一个仍未得到深入研究的领域,人们对此知之甚少,因此也是一个值得研究的领域。

  还有一个人们知之甚少的领域是如何协调财政政策与货币政策。量化宽松、中央银行资产负债表的巨大扩张对经济增长和通胀的影响非常小,这一点令人困惑。这与财政政策和货币政策的协调有关,也是有待研究的课题。我认为Libra不是货币,因为从货币的三个维度来看,Libra既不是国家股权,也不是主权,更不是中央银行业务。此外,我对货币主义的评论也同样适用于正在演变的现代货币理论(MMT)。现代货币理论(Wrya,2012)的贫困与货币主义的贫困颇为相似,因为现代货币理论没有解释货币进入市场的过程,在分析中没有重视信贷市场,也没有考虑开放经济下货币政策的影响。

  (雷中华杜晓雪译)

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